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In northern areas, live, the Mackenzie-Yukon Valley Caribou Hunters and
the Inuit. The Caribou Hunters depended upon the caribou and other
northern game much as the Plains Indians depended upon the buffalo. They
made their tents and clothing of caribou or other deer hides. In winter
they tracked their game on snowshoes. As they roamed, their dogs carried
the baggage or pulled it on sledges.
The Inuit today still live along the chill northern fringes of the
continent. There are Inuit across the whole Arctic region, ranging from
Alaska to Labrador, as well as in Greenland and Siberia. Many depend upon
seal, whale, walrus, caribou, polar bear, Arctic birds, and other Arctic
animals. They make warm clothing of the animal skins--turning the fur
inside to hold the body's warmth
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), or reindeer as they are sometimes
called, inhabit the far northern regions of North America, Europe, and
Asia. An almost pure-white subspecies lives in northern Greenland. In
North America the woodland caribou is found in Canada and Alaska in swampy
forest habitats. Farther north, the northern, or barren ground, caribou
roam the desolate Arctic tundra. Their original range included northern
Maine and Minnesota as well as the Rocky Mountain region of Idaho and
Wyoming. The last natural band south of Canada disappeared from Isle
Royale, Michigan, in the 1920s.
Caribou move continually, migrating in herds that travel south for
winter and north in summer. In the warmer months they can be found in the
farthest northern reaches of the Arctic tundra.
Caribou have thicker bodies and shorter legs than do most deer.
Their hooves are broad. Their coats are brown. They have white tails,
necks, and sides. The colors vary with the seasons, as do those of many
other deer, becoming lighter in color during winter. Those in the
northernmost parts of their range may be almost white.
Both sexes of caribou have large, irregularly branching antlers,
though those of the female are somewhat smaller and more slender. The
males also reach larger sizes, with some reaching weights of more than 700
pounds (318 kilograms) and shoulder heights of up to 4.6 feet (1.4
meters).
Caribou eat grasses and browse on low-lying vegetation. They are
noted for consuming large quantities of a lichen called reindeer moss that
grows in the tundra regions. When alarmed, caribou break into a clumsy
gallop, changing to a steady trot that carries them across the tundra.
Their large, spreading hooves, with sharp cup-shaped edges, give them a
firm footing on the soft, mucky surface of their summer homes and on
winter ice and snow.
Caribou are the most domesticated of the deer. In the region of
Lapland in northern Europe, they are kept for milk and meat and for
pulling sleds over the snow. Their hides furnish clothing, blankets, and
harnesses.
From Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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